Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is signalling a shift away from humanitarian aid toward funding infrastructure projects in developing countries.
鈥淎 lot of it is less around humanitarian development, in my conversations with the Global South, and much more about, well, how can you create investments in renewable energies that鈥檚 going to last the next 20 years?鈥� Trudeau said last week in a year-end interview with The Canadian Press.
鈥淗ow are you going to build resilient infrastructure that鈥檚 not going to be wiped out by the next hurricane or landslide or heavy rains, or whatever it is?鈥� Trudeau continued.
鈥淭hese conversations are shifting, but we鈥檙e going to continue to very much be present in investments in the Global South.鈥�
Canada鈥檚 humanitarian aid sector is closely watching next spring鈥檚 budget, to see how the Liberals interpret their own commitment to keep raising humanitarian spending each year.
The Liberals have held that promise since taking office in 2015 and Trudeau instructed International Development Minister Harjit Sajjan a year ago to 鈥渋ncrease Canada鈥檚 international development assistance every year.鈥�
The Liberals had earmarked an annual $6.6 billion in aid before the COVID-19 pandemic. They boosted that target beyond $8 billion, largely for programs related to fighting the impacts of COVID-19 and then this year, also to help Ukraine and its neighbours.
With Ottawa warning of a possible recession, the sector is unclear whether the Liberals intend to use the pre-pandemic spending as their benchmark.
There is a hope they will instead top up the more generous baseline.
鈥淭he feminist policy that the Trudeau government has put in place is having a great impact, but we need to keep going,鈥� said Louis Belanger, a former Liberal staffer who now advocates for Canadian humanitarian groups through the group Bigger Than Our Borders, backed by major charities.
鈥淲e have an extremely solid policy in place that is very much welcome in the developing world and with civil society here in Canada,鈥� Belanger said. 鈥淚t has (made) a huge difference in, in terms of women鈥檚 rights, in terms of women鈥檚 health, in terms of girls鈥� education.鈥�
Aid groups worldwide and development banks are particularly concerned about western countries diverting their traditional grants to help Ukraine cope with the impact of Russia鈥檚 February invasion.
Belanger said aid from Canada and its partners has helped countries nearly reach the United Nations鈥� 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and Belanger say those nearly filled gaps now risk cratering.
鈥淲e need to keep going, and not go backwards. So it鈥檚 worrying to hear that there may be a trend backwards, instead of going forward,鈥� Belanger said.
Yet Trudeau said leaders of developing countries have been asking him less about humanitarian aid and more about investments in projects that will last decades, such as renewable energy and bridges or roads that can withstand hurricanes or landslides.
He said the West heard a wake-up call following Russia鈥檚 invasion of Ukraine, when countries like Canada asked developing countries to isolate Russia. Trudeau summarized the response as: 鈥淭hey鈥檙e the only ones showing up to invest in our infrastructure.鈥�
In June, G7 countries pledged to invest US$600 billion in the Global South, with a focus on climate-resilient infrastructure, health systems and digital economies. The pledge was widely seen as a counterbalance to programs like China鈥檚 Belt and Road Initiative, which has seen Beijing become a major player in Africa.
That paved the way for Canada鈥檚 announcement in November of $750 million for a Crown corporation to leverage the private sector to finance infrastructure projects in Asia over three years, starting next March.
The funding is part of the Indo-Pacific strategy, and will be administered by FinDev Canada, which previously only had a mandate to finance private-sector projects in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.
鈥淚 think there was a collective understanding, something Canada has long known, that we are all connected, north and south,鈥� Trudeau said.
He noted that developing countries took the spotlight at numerous summits, such as the Organization of American States meeting in October, to the Commonwealth meeting in Kigali, Rwanda, this past June.
鈥淭he emphasis that we put on the Global South was more robust and more real than we ever had before,鈥� Trudeau said.
In a separate interview, Sajjan said that humanitarian funding is already helping pay for things like solar power in rural Jordan.
鈥淚f you want to prevent the shocks of climate change, we need to do things differently in the Global South,鈥� he said.
鈥淭he prime minister is focused on making sure that we look at the long-term capacity-building, within those nations.鈥�
Conservative MP Garnett Genuis, the international development critic for his party, said he鈥檚 open to Ottawa using its aid dollars in any way that improves livelihoods abroad.
鈥淚t should be about results, and the results that this government have achieved leaves a lot to be desired,鈥� he said.
Genuis noted the government has said it may take a year to meet a House of Commons committee鈥檚 request to change anti-terrorism laws that have barred humanitarians from working in Afghanistan. He said government programs have overly favoured multilateral organizations over Canada-based aid groups, which he argues are more effective at raising money and spending it wisely.
In any case, Genuis said a deeper focus on FinDev Canada would be better than having Ottawa keep contributing to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which is controlled by China.
鈥淥ur engagement around infrastructure in the developing world shouldn鈥檛 be advancing the Chinese government鈥檚 strategic interests; it should be through bilateral partnerships with countries that help to strengthen Canada鈥檚 presence and relationship with those countries,鈥� he said.
鈥淲e鈥檙e in this new world of intense competition between the free world and revisionist powers. That context underlines the critical importance of engagement with the developing world.鈥�
Heather McPherson, the NDP鈥檚 international development critic, said any shift away from foreign aid toward financing private-sector infrastructure projects will likely benefit Canadian corporations more than people facing the brunt of humanitarian crises.
鈥淚t鈥檚 a huge, huge missed opportunity and a terrible mistake,鈥� she said.
鈥淭he climate crisis, inflation, inequality 鈥� all of these things are massive challenges that will require an international or a global response. And we as Canadians are increasingly forgetting the role that our government must play.鈥�
McPherson added that it鈥檚 crucial Canada support Ukraine, but that shouldn鈥檛 come at the expense of helping developing countries push back on poverty and build resiliency to climate chaos.
鈥淭hat is the worst situation of stealing from Peter to pay for Paul and it will come back to haunt us multiple-fold.鈥�
Belanger said the world will likely be watching how Trudeau proceeds. He is currently co-chairing the United Nations advocates group for the Sustainable Development Goals, together with Barbados Prime Minister Mia Mottley.
鈥淲e have made investments in human rights that are no less important than an investment in infrastructure,鈥� Belanger said.
He argued girls in developing countries need to have schools they can attend.
鈥淚t鈥檚 nice to have good roads for the school bus, but not if the school bus is empty.鈥�
鈥擠ylan Robertson, The Canadian Press
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